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A BASIC GUIDE TO FIQH FOR PURIFICATION (TAHARAH, WUDU, GHUSL) AND SALAH (FIVE TIMES PRAYERS)
In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate, Praise be to Allah, Lord of all the Worlds
SALAAH (PRAYER)
THE FARD ACTS DURING SALAAH ARE •Qiyam (standing) •Qirat (reciting of a Quranic verse) •Ruku •Sajdah •Some mention that Qaidah Aakhirah (to sit for the last sitting, to the extent of time in which at least the Tashahhud can be read) is also Fard. There are 18 Wajib acts of Salaah: 1. Recitation of Surah Fathiha. 2. Reciting any other long Ayat or 3 short Ayat with Surah Fathiha in the first two Rakats of the Fard Salaat and in all Rakkahts of the Witr, Sunnat and Nafl Salaat. 3. Specifying the reading of the Sura Fathiha for the first 2 Rakats of the Fard Salaat. 4. To recite Surah Fathiha before the Surah (Ayat). 5. To make Sajdah with nose and forehead. 6. To make the second Sajdah of the first Rakkat before proceeding to any other action. 7. To perform every posture with ease and calm. 8. To perform the first sitting (Qaidah Aula). 9. To recite the Tashahhud in the first sitting (Qaidah Aula first sitting after 2 Rakkats). 10. To recite the Tashahhud in the last sitting. 11. To stand immediately for the 3rd Rakkat after the Tashahhud (without delay). 12. Making Salaam 2 times (once on the right and one to the left), to say the words “As Salaam” is Waajib, to say “Alaykum” is Sunnat-e-Mukkidah. 13. To read Dua-e-Qunoot in the Witr Salaat. 14. To recite Takbeer of the Eid Salaat. 15. Specification of the words Allahu Akbar for the start of every Salaat except the two Eids. 16. To say the Takbeer of Ruku before going in Ruku in the second Rakat of the 2 Eids. 17. For the Imaam to recite the Qirat aloud in the following Salaats Fajr, First two Rakats of Magrib and Esha (even though Qaza), Jumuah, 2 Eids, Taraweeh and Witr of Ramadhaan. 18.To recite the Qirat silently in Zhur, Asr, 3rd Rakat of Magrib, 3rd and 4th Rakat of Esha and all Nafl Salaats during the day. The Munfarid (one performing Salaat alone and not in Jamaat) has the choice of reading audibly or not in those Salaats wherein Qirat is audible. A person performing Nafl Salaat during the night also has this choice. If a person omitted the recitation of a Surah in the first 2 Rakats of Esha, he should read it audibly in the second two Rakats with Surah Fathiha. However if Surah Fathiha was omitted it will not be repeated in the last two Rakats, but make Sajdah Shaw (prostration of forgetfulness). There are 51 Sunnats in Salaah: 1. Lifting the hands for Takbeer Tahrima (Allaahu Akbar at the start of Salaat). Up to ears for a man and up to the shoulders for a woman. 2. Spreading the fingers when saying the Tahrima. 3. The Muqtadis should recite the Tahrima simultaneously with the Imaams. 4. A man should place his right hand over the left below the navel. By placing his right palm over the back part of the left palm, at the level of the waist with the middle finger and the thumbs spread out to form a ring. 5. A woman should place her hands on the chest without forming a ring. 6. To recite Thana. 7. To recite Ta’awwuz before Qiraat. 8. To recite Bismillaah (Tasmiya) at the beginning of every Rakat before reading Surah Fathiha. 9. To recite ‘Aamin’ (Allaah accept our prayers) on the completion of Sura Fathiha. 10. To recite “Rabbanna wa lakal Hamd” after Ruku, before Sajdah. 11. To recite all the above (6-10) inaudibly. 12. Not to bow the head whilst saying Takbir Tahrima. 13. For the Imaam to recite Takbeer audibly. 14. For the Imaam to recite, “Sami Allaah li man Hamida” when rising from Ruku. 15. Men should spread their feet to the measure of 4 fingers when standing and women should keep feet together. 16. To recite from the following after Surah Fathiha. (a) Tiwale Mufassil (long Surahs in the Fajr and Zuhr. (i.e. those Surahs from and including “Surah Hujuraat” up to “Surah Burooj”). (b) Aswaate Mufassil (medium length Surah) in the Asr and Esha (i.e. those Surahs from and including “Surah Burooj” up to “Surah Bayinah”). (c) Qisaare Mufassil (short Surahs) in Magrib Salaat (i.e. those Surahs from and including “Surah Bayyinah” up to the end of the Noble Quraan). The above Surahs are applicable to a Muqeem (non Musafir). A Musafir may read any Surah 17. To lengthen only the first Rakat of the Fard of Fajr. 18. To praise Allaah in Ruku. 19. By saying “subhana rabi yal azim” 3 times. 20. To grasp the knees with the hands in Ruku (for men). 21. Spreading the fingers in Ruku for men and not for women. 22. To keep the legs straight in Ruku. 23. To keep the back flat in Ruku for men. 24. To keep the head level to the back in Ruku (for men). 25. To lift the head and rise from Ruku. 26. To stand at ease after Ruku. 27. When making Sajdha, to place the knees on the surface first, then the hands and lastly the face. 28. Withdrawing these in the opposite way when standing from Sajdha. 29. Saying Takbeer (Allaahu Akbar) when going to Sajdha. 30. Saying Takbeer when rising from Sajdha. 31. Placing the head between the palms when performing Sajdha. 32. Glorifying Allaah in Sajdha by saying “Subhana Rabi a’l a” three times. 33.For a man to keep his stomach away from the thigh, his elbows away from his sides and forearms away from the ground. 34. For a woman to contract her body so that the stomach is pressed against the thighs. 35. Render Qaumah properly (i.e. standing for a little while between Ruku and Sajdha). 36. To sit between the two Sajdhas (Jalsa) as in Tashahud. 37. To place the hands upon the thighs during Jalsa as in Tashahud. 38. To spread the left leg and raise the right making the toes face Qibla for men. 39. A woman should place buttocks on the ground. 40. To raise the right index finger during the Tashaud, raising when saying “la ilha” and lowering when saying “illa allaahu”. 41. To recite surah Fathiha in all Rakats following the first 2 Rakats. 42. To recite Durood upon Nabi (S.A.W) during the final sitting. 43. To follow by reading a Dua, using words found in the Quraan or a Hadith but not in the words of common people. 44. To turn the face first to the right then to the left when making Salaam. 45. For the Imaam to make intention for all people following him, the angels and the pious Jinn. 46. For the person following the Imaam to include the Imaam in his intention whenever he is standing. If he is directly behind the Imaam he should include him in both the Salaams together with the people, angels and the pious Jinn. 47. For a Munfarid (one performing Salaat alone) to only intend for the angels in his salaam. 48. To say the second Salaam in a softer tone than the first. 49. The Salaam of the Muqtadi (follower) and the Imaam should be Simultaneous, (not after it). 50. To begin the Salaam from the right side. 51. The Masbooq (late comer in Salaat) should wait for the Imaam to complete both Salaams (i.e. once the Imaam starts the second Salaam). He should stand to complete Salaat. ACTS THAT NULLIFY SALAAT ACTS THAT DO NOT NULLIFY SALAAT
THE FARD ACTS DURING SALAAH ARE •Qiyam (standing) •Qirat (reciting of a Quranic verse) •Ruku •Sajdah •Some mention that Qaidah Aakhirah (to sit for the last sitting, to the extent of time in which at least the Tashahhud can be read) is also Fard.
There are 18 Wajib acts of Salaah:
1. Recitation of Surah Fathiha.
2. Reciting any other long Ayat or 3 short Ayat with Surah Fathiha in the first two Rakats of the Fard Salaat and in all Rakkahts of the Witr, Sunnat and Nafl Salaat.
3. Specifying the reading of the Sura Fathiha for the first 2 Rakats of the Fard Salaat.
4. To recite Surah Fathiha before the Surah (Ayat).
5. To make Sajdah with nose and forehead.
6. To make the second Sajdah of the first Rakkat before proceeding to any other action.
7. To perform every posture with ease and calm.
8. To perform the first sitting (Qaidah Aula).
9. To recite the Tashahhud in the first sitting (Qaidah Aula first sitting after 2 Rakkats).
10. To recite the Tashahhud in the last sitting.
11. To stand immediately for the 3rd Rakkat after the Tashahhud (without delay).
12. Making Salaam 2 times (once on the right and one to the left), to say the words “As Salaam” is Waajib, to say “Alaykum” is Sunnat-e-Mukkidah.
13. To read Dua-e-Qunoot in the Witr Salaat.
14. To recite Takbeer of the Eid Salaat.
15. Specification of the words Allahu Akbar for the start of every Salaat except the two Eids.
16. To say the Takbeer of Ruku before going in Ruku in the second Rakat of the 2 Eids.
17. For the Imaam to recite the Qirat aloud in the following Salaats Fajr, First two Rakats of Magrib and Esha (even though Qaza), Jumuah, 2 Eids, Taraweeh and Witr of Ramadhaan.
18.To recite the Qirat silently in Zhur, Asr, 3rd Rakat of Magrib, 3rd and 4th Rakat of Esha and all Nafl Salaats during the day.
The Munfarid (one performing Salaat alone and not in Jamaat) has the choice of reading audibly or not in those Salaats wherein Qirat is audible. A person performing Nafl Salaat during the night also has this choice.
If a person omitted the recitation of a Surah in the first 2 Rakats of Esha, he should read it audibly in the second two Rakats with Surah Fathiha. However if Surah Fathiha was omitted it will not be repeated in the last two Rakats, but make Sajdah Shaw (prostration of forgetfulness).
There are 51 Sunnats in Salaah:
1. Lifting the hands for Takbeer Tahrima (Allaahu Akbar at the start of Salaat). Up to ears for a man and up to the shoulders for a woman.
2. Spreading the fingers when saying the Tahrima.
3. The Muqtadis should recite the Tahrima simultaneously with the Imaams.
4. A man should place his right hand over the left below the navel. By placing his right palm over the back part of the left palm, at the level of the waist with the middle finger and the thumbs spread out to form a ring.
5. A woman should place her hands on the chest without forming a ring.
6. To recite Thana.
7. To recite Ta’awwuz before Qiraat.
8. To recite Bismillaah (Tasmiya) at the beginning of every Rakat before reading Surah Fathiha.
9. To recite ‘Aamin’ (Allaah accept our prayers) on the completion of Sura Fathiha.
10. To recite “Rabbanna wa lakal Hamd” after Ruku, before Sajdah.
11. To recite all the above (6-10) inaudibly.
12. Not to bow the head whilst saying Takbir Tahrima.
13. For the Imaam to recite Takbeer audibly.
14. For the Imaam to recite, “Sami Allaah li man Hamida” when rising from Ruku.
15. Men should spread their feet to the measure of 4 fingers when standing and women should keep feet together.
16. To recite from the following after Surah Fathiha. (a) Tiwale Mufassil (long Surahs in the Fajr and Zuhr. (i.e. those Surahs from and including “Surah Hujuraat” up to “Surah Burooj”). (b) Aswaate Mufassil (medium length Surah) in the Asr and Esha (i.e. those Surahs from and including “Surah Burooj” up to “Surah Bayinah”). (c) Qisaare Mufassil (short Surahs) in Magrib Salaat (i.e. those Surahs from and including “Surah Bayyinah” up to the end of the Noble Quraan).
The above Surahs are applicable to a Muqeem (non Musafir). A Musafir may read any Surah
17. To lengthen only the first Rakat of the Fard of Fajr.
18. To praise Allaah in Ruku.
19. By saying “subhana rabi yal azim” 3 times.
20. To grasp the knees with the hands in Ruku (for men).
21. Spreading the fingers in Ruku for men and not for women.
22. To keep the legs straight in Ruku.
23. To keep the back flat in Ruku for men.
24. To keep the head level to the back in Ruku (for men).
25. To lift the head and rise from Ruku.
26. To stand at ease after Ruku.
27. When making Sajdha, to place the knees on the surface first, then the hands and lastly the face.
28. Withdrawing these in the opposite way when standing from Sajdha.
29. Saying Takbeer (Allaahu Akbar) when going to Sajdha.
30. Saying Takbeer when rising from Sajdha.
31. Placing the head between the palms when performing Sajdha.
32. Glorifying Allaah in Sajdha by saying “Subhana Rabi a’l a” three times.
33.For a man to keep his stomach away from the thigh, his elbows away from his sides and forearms away from the ground.
34. For a woman to contract her body so that the stomach is pressed against the thighs.
35. Render Qaumah properly (i.e. standing for a little while between Ruku and Sajdha).
36. To sit between the two Sajdhas (Jalsa) as in Tashahud.
37. To place the hands upon the thighs during Jalsa as in Tashahud.
38. To spread the left leg and raise the right making the toes face Qibla for men.
39. A woman should place buttocks on the ground.
40. To raise the right index finger during the Tashaud, raising when saying “la ilha” and lowering when saying “illa allaahu”.
41. To recite surah Fathiha in all Rakats following the first 2 Rakats.
42. To recite Durood upon Nabi (S.A.W) during the final sitting.
43. To follow by reading a Dua, using words found in the Quraan or a Hadith but not in the words of common people.
44. To turn the face first to the right then to the left when making Salaam. 45. For the Imaam to make intention for all people following him, the angels and the pious Jinn.
46. For the person following the Imaam to include the Imaam in his intention whenever he is standing. If he is directly behind the Imaam he should include him in both the Salaams together with the people, angels and the pious Jinn.
47. For a Munfarid (one performing Salaat alone) to only intend for the angels in his salaam.
48. To say the second Salaam in a softer tone than the first.
49. The Salaam of the Muqtadi (follower) and the Imaam should be Simultaneous, (not after it).
50. To begin the Salaam from the right side.
51. The Masbooq (late comer in Salaat) should wait for the Imaam to complete both Salaams (i.e. once the Imaam starts the second Salaam). He should stand to complete Salaat.
ACTS THAT NULLIFY SALAAT
ACTS THAT DO NOT NULLIFY SALAAT
